<< Our Photo Pages >> Lapa do Santo Rock shelter - Cave or Rock Shelter in Brazil

Submitted by Andy B on Monday, 19 December 2016  Page Views: 31189

Natural PlacesSite Name: Lapa do Santo Rock shelter
Country: Brazil
NOTE: This site is 481.012 km away from the location you searched for.
Type: Cave or Rock Shelter
Nearest Town: Belo Horizonte
Latitude: 19.477778S  Longitude: 44.038889W
Condition:
5Perfect
4Almost Perfect
3Reasonable but with some damage
2Ruined but still recognisable as an ancient site
1Pretty much destroyed, possibly visible as crop marks
0No data.
-1Completely destroyed
 3 Ambience:
5Superb
4Good
3Ordinary
2Not Good
1Awful
0No data.
 no data Access:
5Can be driven to, probably with disabled access
4Short walk on a footpath
3Requiring a bit more of a walk
2A long walk
1In the middle of nowhere, a nightmare to find
0No data.
 no data Accuracy:
5co-ordinates taken by GPS or official recorded co-ordinates
4co-ordinates scaled from a detailed map
3co-ordinates scaled from a bad map
2co-ordinates of the nearest village
1co-ordinates of the nearest town
0no data
 5

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Lapa do Santo Rock shelter
Lapa do Santo Rock shelter submitted by Andy B : Researchers work on excavating the central area of Lapa do Santo rock shelter. Credit: Laboratory for Human Evolutionary Studies - University of São Paulo. Site in Brazil (Vote or comment on this photo)
Lapa do Santo is a limestone rock shelter located in the northern sector of the Lagoa Santa Karst, approximately 60 kilometers from Belo Horizonte, in Central-Eastern Brazil. The site is one of the largest rock shelters excavated in the Lagoa Santa region, with a sheltered area of 70m long by 20m wide.

The depth of the archaeological sediment varies from a few centimeters to almost 4.0 meters. Sixty-two radiocarbon dates were generated for Lapa do Santo, either on charcoal samples or on human bones. These demonstrate that the site was occupied during three different periods, from around 10000BCE to 6000BCE, around 2400BCE and finally 800 years ago. This pattern of occupation is in agreement with data from other rock-shelters excavated at Lagoa Santa

Location: 19°28′40″S, 44°02′20″W
Source: Neves WA, Araujo AGM, Bernardo DV, Kipnis R, Feathers JK (2012) Rock Art at the Pleistocene/Holocene Boundary in Eastern South America. PLoS ONE


Note: Ancient humans in South America used complex funeral rituals and manipulated the bodies of their dead as early as 10,000 years ago. See the most recent comment on our page for more
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Lapa do Santo Rock shelter
Lapa do Santo Rock shelter submitted by Andy B : In July 2009, during the final days of excavation of unit FG-13/14 in Lapa do Santo, an anthropomorphic figure was exposed at the bottom of the archaeological deposit at an approximate depth of 4.0 meters below the surface. The figure was pecked in the bedrock and consisted of a small anthropomorphic filiform petroglyph with tri-digits, a c-like head, and an oversized phallus. The figure is ... (2 comments - Vote or comment on this photo)

Lapa do Santo Rock shelter
Lapa do Santo Rock shelter submitted by Andy B : Lapa do Santo rockshelter topography and schematic sections. Credit: Laboratory for Human Evolutionary Studies - University of São Paulo. Site in Brazil (Vote or comment on this photo)

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"Lapa do Santo Rock shelter" | Login/Create an Account | 5 News and Comments
  
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Re: Oldest reliably dated rock art from the Americas is found in Brazil by Anonymous on Sunday, 09 April 2017
I think it not so important as to how old the rock art is, but perhaps to compare that rock art to other similar forms rock art elsewhere on the planet,,, location of that rock art, how it was made, where did this idea come from,,, where did the people who made this rock art come from,,, or is the New World really so New?
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Re: Oldest reliably dated rock art from the Americas is found in Brazil by Anonymous on Sunday, 09 April 2017
So these remains older than Clovis. If Clovis were a particular group, tribe, or lifestyle, Clovis did not perform these rituals for the dead. So, where did these peoples in Brazil come from? Pre - glacial Antarctica? Something to think about.
[ Reply to This ]

Early burials had mutilation rituals by bat400 on Sunday, 11 December 2016
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Ancient humans in South America used complex funeral rituals and manipulated the bodies of their dead as early as 10,000 years ago.

André Strauss at the University of Tübingen in Germany and his colleagues analysed bones from 26 human burials, discovered during 15 years of archaeological excavations in a cave in east-central Brazil (pictured). They found that the remains were treated before and during burial in a variety of ways, including defleshing and tooth removal. Bones dating to roughly 9,500 years ago showed signs of dismemberment and burning before being carefully arranged, suggesting a ceremonial burial. Similar practices were known in the Andes from this period but not in eastern South America.

The authors say these ritualized burials may have been important in maintaining social cohesion in times of stress and conflict.

Source:
* Nature 540, 172 (08 December 2016) doi:10.1038/540172a
Published online 07 December 2016.
* Antiquity, Volume 90, Issue 354, December 2016, pp. 1454-1473
"Early Holocene ritual complexity in South America: the archaeological record of Lapa do Santo (east-central Brazil)", André Strauss, Rodrigo Elias Oliveira, Ximena S. Villagran, Danilo V. Bernardo, DOI: https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2016.22. Published online: 21 November 2016.

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Rock carving might change the determination of when man arrived in the Americas by bat400 on Thursday, 08 March 2012
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Another similar article on the find. Thanks to coldrum for this link to Discovery News.


The researchers suspect the petroglyph of the man with the oversized phallus, which they have dubbed "the little horny man," was likely used in fertility rituals. A stick figure man with a giant phallus dubbed "the little horny man" by its discoverers is the oldest rock carving found yet in the Americas, researchers say.
These findings might shed new light on when the New World was first settled, scientists added. The time frame during which humans first reached the Americas remains hotly debated. One key to settling this controversy would involve uncovering early examples of human artifacts, such as art.

Scientists discovered one ancient sample of such art in a cave named Lapa do Santo in central-eastern Brazil. The region is home to Luzia, the oldest human skeleton found to date in South America.

Lapa do Santo is one of the largest rock shelters excavated yet in the region, a limestone cave covering an area of about 14,000 square feet (1,300 square meters). Here, researchers have found buried human remains, tools made of stone and bone, ash from hearths, and leftovers from meals of fruit and small game.

In 2009, digging about 13 feet (4 meters) below the surface, the scientists found a rock carving or petroglyph of a man packed into the side of the cave. The figure, which appears to be squatting with his arms outstretched, is about 12 inches (30 centimeters) tall from head to feet and about 8 inches (20 centimeters) wide.

"We discovered this petroglyph in the final moments of excavation at the site," said researcher Walter Alves Neves, an archaeologist and biological anthropologist at the University of São Paulo in Brazil.

The engraving is also depicted with a relatively oversized phallus about 2 inches (5 cm) long, or about as long as the man's left arm.

"We named the figure 'the little horny man,'" Neves said.

"The figure is probably linked to some kind of fertility ritual," Neves told LiveScience. "There is another site in the same region where you find paintings with men with oversized phalluses, and also pregnant women, and even a parturition (childbirth) scene."

Carbon dating and other tests of the sediment covering the petroglyph suggest the engraving dates between 9,000 and 12,000 years old. This makes it the oldest reliably dated instance of such rock art found yet in the Americas.

When this carving is compared with other examples of early rock art found in South America, it would seem that abstract forms of thinking may have been very diverse back then, which suggests that humans settled the New World relatively early, giving their art time to diversify. For instance, at one site in Argentina named Cueva de las Manos, paintings of hands predominate, while at another site there, Cueva Epullan Grande, engravings have geometric motifs.

"It shows that about 11,000 years ago, there was already a very diverse manifestation of rock art in South America, so probably man arrived in the Americas much earlier than normally is accepted," Neves said.

For more, see news.discovery.com.
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Oldest reliably dated rock art from the Americas is found in Brazil by Andy B on Thursday, 23 February 2012
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Researchers have discovered an extremely old anthropomorphic figure engraved in rock in Brazil, according to a report published Feb. 22 in the open access journal PLoS ONE. The petroglyph, which dates to between 9,000 and 12,000 years old, is the oldest reliably dated instance of such rock art yet found in the Americas.

Art from this time period in the New World is quite rare, so little is known about the diversity of symbolic thinking of the early American settlers. The authors of this study, led by Walter Neves of the University of Sao Paulo, write that their findings suggest symbolic thought in South America was very diverse at that time, supporting the hypothesis that humans settled the New World relatively early."

The figure was pecked in the bedrock and consisted of a small anthropomorphic filiform petroglyph with tri-digits, a c-like head, and an oversized phallus. The figure is 30 cm long (from head to feet) and 20 cm wide. Similar filiform figures can be observed in a niche on the wall of the rock-shelter.

"We discovered this petroglyph in the final moments of excavation at the site," said researcher Walter Alves Neves, an archaeologist and biological anthropologist at the University of São Paulo in Brazil.

The oversized phallus is about 2 inches (5 cm) long, or about as long as the man's left arm.

"We named the figure 'the little horny man,'" Neves said

More at Live Science
http://www.livescience.com/18602-horny-man-rock-carving-giant-phallus.html

and read the original paper at PLoS ONE
http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0032228

Another an intriguing sounding paper
DeOliveira, Strauss A, DaGloria P, Inglez M, Neves WA. 2012.
Secondary ritual or peri-mortem body manipulation during early Holocene in South America: the case of Burial 21 from the site of Lapa do Santo, Lagoa Santa region, Brazil: Implications for the settlement of the New World
American Journal of Physical Anthropology.
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